Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Septiembre 23, 2023 a las 05:23 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Quercus palustris × rubra, growing with both parent species, which are common at this location.

The last three photos are of fruit from (1) Q. palustris, (2) hybrid, and (3) Q. rubra at this site.

My thanks to Albert Garofalo for showing me this woodland.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Hierbas de la Golondrina (Sección Anisophyllum)

Observ.

ashley_bradford

Fecha

Agosto 22, 2020 a las 03:22 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Octubre 2023

Descripción

Cultivated tree. The four-season combo pic (last image) made of photos taken in 2014 and 2015.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Dedos de Muerto (Xylaria magnoliae)

Observ.

tombigelow

Fecha

Diciembre 30, 2023 a las 02:29 TARDE EST

Descripción

Black Bear Trail, Bridge 2

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

ndebarros

Fecha

Agosto 2023

Descripción

Ant mound observed in floodplain forest.

Specimens submitted to Virginia Museum of Natural History and identified as Lasius minutus by Dr. Kaloyan Ivanov.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Chocha del Este (Scolopax minor)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Noviembre 3, 2023 a las 01:00 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

zihaowang

Fecha

Septiembre 17, 2023 a las 06:44 TARDE EDT

Descripción

200x and 800x magnifications. Fruiting bodies seemed to only form on the abaxial leaf surface of Quercus bicolor.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

jonnytoste

Fecha

Septiembre 9, 2023 a las 11:35 MAÑANA CDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

fungee

Fecha

Junio 2023

Descripción

Growing underwater in the river at a depth of about a third of a meter. Location was almost the same as a sighting from the previous week
Spores: (10.2) 10.3 - 11.5 (12.1) × (6.1) 6.3 - 6.65 (6.7) µm
Q = (1.6) 1.64 - 1.8 ; N = 9
Me = 11.1 × 6.5 µm ; Qe = 1.7

11.53 6.39
10.62 6.46
11.33 6.68
11.09 6.51
10.21 6.14
10.33 6.43
11.54 6.27
10.83 6.55
12.13 6.65

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

nfurlan

Fecha

Mayo 23, 2023 a las 03:20 TARDE CDT

Descripción

Polythalamous bud galls on a young red oak - always assumed the site was predominantly Q. rubra, but Q. coccinea might be present as well.

In any case, I can't quite place these. The overall shape reminds me of B. caepuliformis, but they're structurally much more like little garlic bulbs; each "clove" contains a cell with a larva inside.

@megachile @jeffdc @calconey

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

calconey

Fecha

Mayo 9, 2023 a las 06:09 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Q imbricaria

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

nfurlan

Fecha

Abril 27, 2023 a las 03:55 TARDE CDT

Descripción

Abrupt bends and exit holes in Q. bicolor twigs. Dissection revealed small rows of cells just under the bark. Good match for N. distortus?

"An enlargement on one side of the new growth causing the branch to bend sharply." (Weld 1959)

@megachile @jeffdc @calconey

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

currenfrasch

Fecha

Abril 11, 2023 a las 05:27 TARDE CDT

Descripción

On Quercus sinuata.

Photos 1 & 2: backlit gall formed on developing leaf bud.

Photos 3 & 4: galls developing on leaf margin and mid-stem.

Photos 5, 6, & 7: Disected developing "fresh" gall and larva made out of little cell-like pieces.

Photos 8 & 9: dry gall/dissected chamber. I think I may have accidentally smashed its inhabitant, I could not find it :( It also may have pupated and flown away. ¯\ (ツ)

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

bertharris

Fecha

Marzo 6, 2023

Descripción

On small White Pine branch. Distinctive small green thallus. Medulla fleeting KC+ purple. Polysporous asci, thousands of simple hyaline spores. Can't tell if hymenium is inspersed with oil because there were so many spores.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Marzo 5, 2023 a las 01:54 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Tilo Americano (Tilia americana)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Febrero 19, 2023 a las 12:26 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

chyroptera

Fecha

Octubre 13, 2021 a las 06:52 TARDE PDT

Descripción

On valley oak. 365nm UV light first image, ambient light at dusk second image

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

moonlittrails

Fecha

Septiembre 30, 2022 a las 11:02 TARDE PDT

Descripción

Agamic; and Forficula auricularia nearby

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Junio 12, 2021 a las 11:54 MAÑANA EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Oreja de Agua (Heteranthera reniformis)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Noviembre 4, 2020 a las 02:52 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Moscas del Vinagre Y Parientes (Familia Drosophilidae)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Enero 5, 2023 a las 12:02 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Diciembre 30, 2022 a las 02:03 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Muérdago (Phoradendron leucarpum)

Observ.

jeffdc

Fecha

Enero 1, 2023 a las 03:32 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Muérdago (Phoradendron leucarpum)

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Enero 18, 2015 a las 12:08 MAÑANA EST

Descripción

A fallen branch around 60 cm long, stems woody.

Seed photos taken two weeks later, stem cross-section photo taken four years later.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Plantas Vasculares (Filo Tracheophyta)

Observ.

vilseskog

Fecha

Octubre 23, 2022

Descripción

Semi-brackish/freshwater water in small river, between two lakes

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Diciembre 30, 2022 a las 02:36 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

axicus

Fecha

Diciembre 26, 2022 a las 09:09 MAÑANA EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Carbonero Común (Parus major)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Julio 8, 2022 a las 12:02 TARDE EEST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Perlita Coral (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Diciembre 16, 2022 a las 01:15 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

nfurlan

Fecha

Diciembre 2022

Descripción

A weird one (at least nothing I'm familiar with). Clusters of irregular, hollow, thin-walled galls at base of Q. macrocarpa stems. Hidden in leaf litter.

@calconey @jeffdc @megachile

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

nfurlan

Fecha

Diciembre 2022

Descripción

https://www.gallformers.org/gall/4807

Finally got a chance to revisit the site of https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143630146 and sampled another three galls. Figuring they'd all be empty already, I sectioned one in the field and lucked out on a live adult female! Large, intact specimen with tons of golden setae, beautiful. Leaning Q. macrocarpa on the host for all three, probably the original find as well.

Been digging around on Gallformers trying to find something similar and the closest I've gotten is Cynips heldae (https://www.gallformers.org/gall/1368) - but the host/range/gall location don't match. Very similar structure, though.

@adeans @calconey @jeffdc @megachile

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Julio 22, 2022 a las 08:30 MAÑANA EEST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Saltamontes de Los Prados (Pseudochorthippus parallelus)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Julio 18, 2022 a las 07:11 MAÑANA EEST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Alcaudón Dorsirrojo (Lanius collurio)

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Julio 11, 2022 a las 10:32 MAÑANA EEST

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encinos Y Robles Rojos (Sección Lobatae)

Observ.

jimmystiles

Fecha

Noviembre 26, 2022 a las 04:38 TARDE CST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

axicus

Fecha

Noviembre 24, 2022 a las 11:53 MAÑANA EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

nfurlan

Fecha

Mayo 16, 2022 a las 10:08 MAÑANA CDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Noviembre 19, 2022 a las 04:38 TARDE EST

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Octubre 17, 2012 a las 11:01 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Quercus × filialis (Q. phellos × Q. velutina).

Photos taken on a few days from October 2012 through October 2013.

A large, cultivated tree at Duke University with somewhat narrow, small acorns (around 1.5 cm long).

The second-to-last photo is a modified screenshot from Google Street View (Sep. 2014 picture) showing the tree, and I added the red arrow. The last photo is a modified screenshot (again, I added the arrows) of this tree when young and recently-planted in the early 1930s. The original and enlargeable photo can be found here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dukeyearlook/6900485120/in/album-72157621179687840/

Duke's historical photos can be found here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dukeyearlook/albums

and here: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/uarchives/history

This tree was cut down in 2020, not sure why.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Octubre 17, 2022 a las 06:02 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cypselurus

Fecha

Julio 12, 2022 a las 05:39 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Roble Rojo Americano (Quercus rubra)

Observ.

renard_frak

Fecha

Octubre 9, 2022 a las 02:13 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Un autre boisé très étonnant ! La strate arbustive est envahie de nerpruns. Mais sinon, il y a beaucoup d’ostryers ! Et des bouleaux ! Quelques chênes, érables et amélanchiers à travers la multitude de nerpruns…

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

owenclarkin

Fecha

Mayo 29, 2022 a las 12:58 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Humano (Homo sapiens)

Observ.

jeffdc

Fecha

Octubre 6, 2022 a las 05:50 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encino Blanco (Quercus alba)

Observ.

sgoon785

Fecha

Septiembre 23, 2022 a las 09:39 MAÑANA EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Humano (Homo sapiens)

Observ.

imasongster

Fecha

Abril 30, 2021 a las 04:43 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

eickwort

Fecha

Agosto 31, 2022 a las 02:40 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Many of these detachable leaf galls on planted bluff oaks in a commercial landscape. Gall clusters attached directly to midvein on lower leaf surface. Each individual gall around 3.6 mm wide by 4.3 mm tall. Interior firm but fleshy and succulent, with a single central larval cell.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

matthew_wills

Fecha

Mayo 9, 2022 a las 09:29 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Galls being eaten by Rose-breasted Grosbeak (observed separately).

Gall on Q. palustris.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Parra Virgen (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Junio 2017

Descripción

Seedling, weed in a garden bed.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

megachile

Fecha

Agosto 15, 2022 a las 06:52 TARDE CDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Fecha

Agosto 13, 2022 a las 04:32 TARDE EDT

Descripción

They built a fence around a Gall-like scale

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

johnmcl228

Fecha

Agosto 12, 2022 a las 10:04 MAÑANA EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

davidenrique

Fecha

Agosto 9, 2022 a las 09:08 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Wooo! he emerged!!!
For it being the largest mosquito species in the US, it does seem kind of small, although it's definitely very loud when it flies.
baby picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128965436
Found in a root phytotelma of a Fagus grandifolia, reared indoors.

I find the spectrogram very interesting. It looks like the fundamental frequency is at about 800Hz. Crickets and most other things I've recorded have very clean songs without harmonics, so I was surprised to see the lovely harmonic series on the spectrogram. I'm also surprised by how low the fundamental frequency is, I would have thought it was much higher. Mosquitoes sound very high-pitched!

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

davidenrique

Fecha

Julio 30, 2022 a las 12:51 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Largest mosquito larva I've ever seen. In a root phytotelma of a Fagus grandifolia
No wonder the water was conspicuously devoid of other mosquito larvae! Well, there were a couple of tiny ones, I guess too small for it to eat.

Update: emerged on 8/9/22, it's a male: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130103645

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

megachile

Fecha

Julio 15, 2022 a las 01:38 TARDE CDT

Descripción

cross sectioned and compared to live oak acorns

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encino Molino (Quercus fusiformis)

Observ.

megachile

Fecha

Julio 15, 2022 a las 01:40 TARDE CDT

Descripción

cross sectioned and compared to bur oak acorn

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Humano (Homo sapiens)

Observ.

ivanmunks

Fecha

Julio 2, 2022 a las 02:16 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

buggybuddy

Fecha

Julio 2, 2022 a las 04:18 TARDE EDT

Descripción

with any luck i did observe the vine parasitizing the gall because thats what i was desperately looking for

Fotos / Sonidos

Fecha

Julio 2022

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

tshahan

Fecha

Junio 2022

Descripción

240fps take off

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

bill_sheehan

Fecha

Junio 12, 2022 a las 07:43 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Cercis canadensis
This gall/mine had no sign on the top of the leaf; On bottom, all galls had a characteristic black streak in the middle. Galls 4-5 mm.

I examined 122 leaf mines. 73% were empty, 21% contained larvae or pupae. Larvae are white, the pupae initially white before darkening.

  • 18 mines contained larvae (8 small, 6 medium, 4 large)
  • 7 mines contained pupae (6 white stage)
  • 2 mines had a midge pupal exuvium just outside the mine, suggesting that those individuals has wriggled out of the mine before emerging.
  • 89 mines were empty, either with an exuvium inside the mine (29) or not, or with signs of predation.

Compare gallformers.org Unknown c-canadensis-blister-gall
https://gallformers.org/gall/3475

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

akilee

Fecha

Mayo 29, 2022 a las 11:57 MAÑANA EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

mellis

Fecha

Abril 29, 2018 a las 01:56 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

aliandbrice

Fecha

Mayo 2022

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Septiembre 20, 2020 a las 07:28 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Naturally occurring hybrid of Quercus falcata and Q. nigra, which often has leaves similar in appearance to Q. georgiana but the buds and acorn cap scales are different. Both parental species are present here.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Octubre 20, 2015 a las 09:41 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Quercus chapmanii x minima. Forms a large, low clone. Grows with Q. minima, and Q. chapmanii grows within several hundred feet of this spot.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

brettbudach

Fecha

Septiembre 2, 2020 a las 06:04 TARDE EDT

Descripción

potentially a hybrid involving Q. nigra? Or just an odd, toothy, thicket-forming expression of Q. nigra?

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

michaelgold

Fecha

Abril 2022

Lugar

Texas, US (Google, OSM)

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

izafarr

Fecha

Mayo 2, 2022 a las 01:49 TARDE EDT

Descripción

On Narceus americanus

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 30, 2022 a las 03:21 TARDE EDT

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

entoandrew

Fecha

Abril 29, 2022 a las 01:00 TARDE MDT

Descripción

On Crimson Spire Oak (Q. robur x Q. alba) Gall photos included. This adult emerged as I cut into gall. Some gall wasps on tree have already started emerging. Tree has only been in the ground for 2 years, new home development.

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Abril 25, 2022 a las 02:15 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Inflorescences and flowers from separate male and female trees. Thanks to Gerry Moore, USDA NRCS, for collecting this material.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

thomasmcfadden

Fecha

Junio 4, 2019 a las 01:03 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Undersides of leaves strongly whitened and hairy

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 21, 2022 a las 07:15 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

paxnanthemum

Fecha

Abril 18, 2022 a las 01:11 TARDE ADT

Descripción

Working on ID’ing the native species in my yard. Definitely Quercus but I’m stuck on the species. I think it’s either Q. hemisphaerica, Q. phellos, or Q. nigra.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 17, 2022 a las 10:40 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 15, 2022 a las 12:42 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 15, 2022 a las 12:42 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Seems to match the description
https://www.gallformers.org/gall/1119

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 15, 2022 a las 12:42 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

noaboa

Fecha

Abril 9, 2022 a las 03:17 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Parasitoid that emerged from ex-situ reared galls on Quercus pumila. See here for gall inducing wasp observation: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/110953456

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

dryopteris2

Fecha

Septiembre 13, 2020 a las 06:02 TARDE CDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 8, 2022 a las 10:25 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Etiquetas

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

cocokitty

Fecha

Abril 8, 2022 a las 10:25 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Host: Quercus phellos

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

sc_beetles

Fecha

Diciembre 11, 2021 a las 11:59 MAÑANA EST

Descripción

ID by Keith Bradley, SCDNR botanist

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

lappelbaum

Fecha

Octubre 2021

Lugar

Texas, US (Google, OSM)

Descripción

root gall with wasp inside

trees/bushes nearby:
Southern Red Oak
White Oak
Water Oak
Carolina Buckthorn
Yaupon Holly
American Hornbeam
Southern Magnolia
Black Gum/Tupelo

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

wernerehl

Fecha

Julio 2020

Descripción

I wanted something a little special for my 500th species observation, so here is federally endangered American chaffseed, a great population found at first by Doug McGrady, then ID'd by Pam Polloni and Don Schall in 2018. This species reappeared after a 53 year absence from the bay state, and in a brand new location.

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Roble Común (Quercus robur)

Observ.

brandirobinson

Fecha

Julio 16, 2019 a las 10:39 MAÑANA EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Enero 11, 2015 a las 03:25 TARDE EST

Descripción

Enormous specimen for what is normally a shrubby species. About 6 meters tall, trunks around 20 cm DBH. Remnants of the sand pine scrub habitat that existed here before the cemetery was constructed. I do not know if this tree is still alive today.

Growing with Quercus geminata and a huge Q. inopina:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/69387777

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encino Chicalaba (Quercus insignis)

Observ.

ricardo_solabac

Fecha

Octubre 2020

Descripción

Encino característico por bellotas grandes, sobre todo la cúpula, pero , compacto el pericarpio

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

graysquirrel

Fecha

Octubre 17, 2021 a las 02:01 TARDE PDT

Descripción

Being eaten by Oak Titmouse, bird observed separately.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Septiembre 14, 2021 a las 11:12 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

A cultivated tree I've been watching for nearly ten years, and I suspected it was a hybrid because it's not like the other oaks planted here in a long row (all Quercus austrina), and is not like any oak species I know of. It has a dense crown with lots of fine branching; fairly small, semi-coriaceous leaves, with a few that persist well into the winter; and thick, pubescent twigs. I suspected that a live oak was one parent, but based on the leaf shape I wondered if the other parent was a post oak or a burr oak. I hadn't found any acorns until recently, when I found one very large acorn with a thick cap, which excludes any post oak species but is fitting for burr oak.

Another interesting thing about this tree is that twigs with fully developed terminal buds have powdery mildew on their leaves, whereas twigs without properly developed terminal buds have leaves free of powdery mildew.

Photos taken in September 2021 and January 2022.

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

douggoldman

Fecha

Octubre 26, 2012 a las 01:33 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encinos o Robles Blancos (Sección Quercus)

Fecha

Noviembre 3, 2021 a las 03:43 MAÑANA UTC

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

krechmer

Fecha

Octubre 16, 2021 a las 12:04 TARDE EDT

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

calconey

Fecha

Septiembre 11, 2021 a las 07:54 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Q stellata

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

calconey

Fecha

Septiembre 11, 2021 a las 10:23 MAÑANA EDT

Descripción

Q lyrata

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

calconey

Fecha

Agosto 29, 2021 a las 05:32 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Q imbricaria

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

calconey

Fecha

Agosto 29, 2021 a las 04:54 TARDE EDT

Descripción

Q stellata

Fotos / Sonidos

Qué

Encinos Y Robles Rojos (Sección Lobatae)

Observ.

mathis3

Fecha

Octubre 28, 2017 a las 10:07 TARDE EDT

Descripción

-very strange oak
-few lobes, some even look maple-like (this is definitely way out of range for maple-leaf oak!)
-site is wet forest on black, organic soils over dense clay
-this tree is in a very diverse oak community that includes Q. shumardii, Q. palustris, and Q. rubra which it may be a hybrid of.
-acorns are very large, have faint striping
-leaves have orange tufts of hair at vein/mid rib junctions on leaf undersides (like Q. shumardii does)
-is it a Shumard oak with strange lobes?
-is is a Shumard hybrid such as Q. x riparia (Shumard x red oak hybrid) or Q. x mutabilis (Shumard x pin oak)?

Fotos / Sonidos

Observ.

destes

Fecha

Junio 25, 2018 a las 04:27 TARDE CDT