Confused names of Trifoliums with reflexed flowers
This is an attempt to sort out the confusion regarding the correct names to apply to several species of Trifolium with reflexed flowers.
Trifolium productum occurs in northern California and Oregon, including the Klamath Mountains, Cascade Range, and northern and central Sierra Nevada. It was formerly known as T. kingii subsp. productum, and many published books simply refer to it as T. kingii.
Trifolium dedeckerae occurs in the southern Sierra Nevada (south of the San Joaquin-Kings River divide) and in the White Mountains. It is listed in the Jepson Manual 2nd Ed. (2102) as T. kingii ssp. dedeckerae.
Trifolium kingii as currently delimited occurs only in southern Utah and adjacent parts of Nevada and Colorado. It includes two subspecies: ssp. kingii occurs in southern Utah and southwestern Colorado, ssp. macilentum is in southern Nevada and southwestern Utah.
And just to make it a bit more fun, T. kingii ssp. macilentum was formerly considered a full species and is listed as such in Intermountain Flora, and it included the previously mentioned T. dedeckerae as T. macilentum var. dedeckerae.
Comentarios
These sound like good candidates for atlases. Do you have references for the new taxonomy so we can cite them in taxon swaps to bring everything up to date?
References for Trifolium productum
Jepson Manual eFlora
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47161
Bioregional Distribution: KR, CaRH, n&c SNH, MP; Distribution Outside California: Oregon.
BONAP
County level distribution map
http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Trifolium%20productum.png
Intermountain Flora v.3B page 223
Trifolium kingii var. productum
References for Trifolium kingii
BONAP
County level distribution map for Trifolium kingii
http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Trifolium%20kingii.png
County level distribution map for ssp. kingii
http://bonap.net/TDC/Image/Map?taxonType=Species&taxonId=27583&locationType=County&mapType=Normal
County level distribution map for ssp. macilentum
http://bonap.net/TDC/Image/Map?taxonType=Species&taxonId=27585&locationType=County&mapType=Normal
Intermountain Flora v.3B page 223-4
Trifolium kingii var. kingii
Trifolium macilentum var. macilentum
References for Trifolium dedeckerae
Jepson Manual eFlora
Trifolium kingii subsp. dedeckerae
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=53242
Bioregional Distribution: s SNH, SNE
BONAP
County level distribution map
http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Trifolium%20dedeckerae.png
Intermountain Flora v.3B page 224
Trifolium macilentum var. dedeckerae
Chronology of nomenclature for Trifolium kingii and relatives
T. kingii published in 1871 by Watson from a collection in The Wasatch Mtns, Utah
T. productum published in 1894 by Greene from a collection in Kings Valley, California
T. macilentum published by Greene in 1897 from a collection in southern Utah
In 1936, Jepson redefines T. productum as T. kingii var. productum
T. dedeckerae published by Gillett in 1972 from a collection in Inyo Co., California
In their 1984 monograph on the genus Trifolium, Zohary and Heller place productum, macilentum, and dedeckerae as subspecies within T. kingii.
In volume 3B of Intermountain Flora, published in 1989, Barneby places productum as a variety within T. kingii, restores T. macilentum to the level of species, and makes dedeckerae a variety within T. macilentum.
The 1st edition of the Jepson Manual published in 1993 follows Barneby’s taxonomy.
The International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) compiled prior to 2006, follows Zohary & Heller.
The 2nd edition of the Jepson Manual published in 2012 restores T. productum to species rank, and dedeckerae is changed to a subspecies of T. kingii. The Jepson Online Interchange notes that the changes were made “with no explanation for the change given.”
Currently, POWO accepts T. kingii, T. productum, and T. dedeckerae at the rank of species. They place macilentum as a subspecies of T. kingii. POWO indicates that their source is ILDIS, but this does not seem to be accurate.
BONAP uses the same taxonomy as POWO.
Just a note that Trifolium rollinsii (https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/169975-Trifolium-rollinsii) has also been part of this mix. I definitely agree that Trifolium rollinsii and Trifolium dedeckerae are distinct species, based on personal field experience. I have very little experience with kingii, macilentum, and productum in the field, so less strong opinions there.
Atlases are created or updated for Trifolium productum, kingii ssp. kingii, kingii ssp. macilentum, dedeckerae, and rollinsii. I also added former scientific names and corrected a few ids. I think it takes a little while for the maps to update on the species pages but they should all be sorted now.
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