Identificaciones de dmalloch

Entoloma nausiosme

HRL3185

Collection faite à Saint-Casimir le 5 août 2020 dans une emprise d'Hydro-Québec, dans l'herbe bordant un sentier mal défini, en milieu ouvert, près de jeunes sapins, épinettes, aulnes et mélèzes. Il y avait des dizaines de basidiomes répartis sur quelques dizaines de mètres.

Il y a eu au début d'août dans cette station une grosse poussée de cet entolome qui semble n'avoir jamais été répertorié en Amérique du Nord auparavant. Il y avait ce jour-là de nombreuses autres espèces de leptonies, dont j'ai fait une quinzaine de collections. Une autre collection d'Entoloma nausiosme a été faite une semaine plus tard par Yves Lamoureux et Joseph Nuzzolese à Vaudreuil.

Ce qui caractérise cette espèce est sans contredit son odeur forte, chimique, avec des relents floraux, très désagréable; la saveur était semblable, lentement très âcre et persistante dans la bouche, franchement écoeurante. Combiné à l'aspect macroscopique typique, cette espèce est facile à reconnaître. D'ailleurs, je l'ai vue une semaine plus tard à environ 20 km de l'endroit de la collection initiale.
Après cette poussée à plusieurs endroits, l'espèce n'a pas été revue (2023).

Voici ma description:

Pileus 18-40 mm, convexe-déprimé, puis ombiliqué, strié par transparence jusqu’au disque, à marge un peu incurvée puis droite, glabre, devenant finement méchuleux avec l'âge, brun foncé, plus brun jaunâtre au début, plus foncé au disque.

Lames décurrentes, arquées, serrées, sécédentes, érodées à l’arête, blanches au début, 3-5 mm de largeur.

Stipe 44-56 x 2-4 mm, égal, farci puis creux, cylindrique, souvent aplati avec l’âge, pruineux à l’apex, glabre plus bas, orange brunâtre, mat.

Contexte concolore, très mince.

Odeur forte, chimique, avec des relents floraux, très désagréable; saveur semblable à l’odeur, lentement très âcre, franchement désagréable, persistante dans la bouche.

Microscopie:

Spores 8,5-10,5 x 7-9 µm, hétérodiamétriques, à 5-6 angles.

Basides 33-50 x 12-13 µm, 4-sporiques, bouclées.

Cheilocystides 21-95 x 11-19 µm, versiformes, clavées, utriformes, cylindriques, bouclées, distribuées inégalement sur l'arête.

Pileipellis en cutis, formé d'hyphes bouclées de 9-18 µm de diamètre, à pigment intracellulaire (sans incrustations), pigment aussi présent dans la piléitrame.

Réf.:
Noordeloos, Machiel, Fungi Europaei 5, Entoloma
Noordeloos, Machiel, Fungi Europaei 5A, Entoloma

Coastal sand dunes growing with Empetrum, near Picea and Hudsonia tomentosa. Yellower gills than they appear in photo.

Comments from @dmalloch after microscopy on the specimens: "Microscopically is is quite similar to C. huronensis but differs in having larger and somewhat dextrinoid spores. They are longer on average than any of the 10 collections of C. huronensis I have measurements for; 56% of them are longer than 9.0 µm while in the 10 collections only 9% are longer than 9.0 µm. The dextrinoid reaction also seems unlike the usual C. huronensis. There are subtle differences in the pigment aggregates in the lamellae and of course Collection 127 comes from a very different habitat."

In a mossy ground, on a lawn. The caps are up to 3cm in diameter. The spore print is salmon.
Spores are angular shaped, measured
*(9.6) 10 - 11.5 (11.9) × (6.8) 7.4 - 8.5 (8.8) µm
Q = (1.1) 1.3 - 1.5 ; N = 26
Me = 10.8 × 7.9 µm ; Qe = 1.4

Growing on the sides of a fallen Acer (?) trunk in a grove of Rhododendron maximum. Acer spp., Betula sp. and Hamamelis virginiana nearby. Hymenium easily peeled from substrate. Margins fimbriate. Strong chemical odor. Spore print white. All structures inamyloid. Rhomboid crystals abundant in the hymenium. Monomitic with clamps. Gloeoplerous hyphae present. Cystidia absent. Basidia suburniform and 6-sterigmate. Basidia measurements: (14.6) 16.2 – 21.9 (25.1) × (5.7) 6.2 – 7.7 (7.9) µm, Q = (2) 2.3 – 3 (3.8); N = 26, Me = 18.8 × 7 µm; Qe = 2.7. Spores smooth, hyaline and thin-walled. Spore measurements: (6.2) 6.7 – 8 (8.7) × (2.6) 2.7 – 3.3 (3.7) µm, Q = (2.1) 2.2 – 2.6 (3.2); N = 30, Me = 7.4 × 3.1 µm; Qe = 2.4.

In lawn with lots of moss
After killing frost, first snow, melt then warmer weather
@dmalloch
There is lots of Tricholoma terrain in our lawn but it is usually much bigger. These are just 2-3 cm across and more placate .. perhaps a post-frost from?

Collected unintentionally with a mushroom:

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/186989225

The mushrooms pictured in situ were not the ones collected but were growing beside the specimen collected, on which the mold did not appear until spore printing. The mold pins fell around the outside of the mushroom creating black specks on the foil which could be scraped onto a slide. After printing the mushroom cap was placed in a jar to continue to let the bonnet mold grow. Some of the fruiting bodies were then collected from this.

The spores were fairly opaque and whitish grey under the microscope and measured 30-34 x 8-11 µm. However when Melzer's reagent was applied they stained deep yellow with a thick, hyaline wall becoming distinct in some specimens where previously it had not been noticeable. As such the spore size might actually be a bit larger. Some spores were almost dextrinoid in their darkness with a yellowish colour that bordered on brown. Aniline blue did not result in noticeable colour change.

Assume from last fall, 6 of them on a ridge where the older stable dune meets a small wet area, mixture of rush/sedge/marram grass, sandy soil. 20-30mm tall, cap 7-10mm wide, stipe 2mm wide, opening 1mm wide, raised up 0.5mm. Warted spores, 4.1 x 4.7um. Spore mass salmon in colour. Capillinium 3.52-7.65 um wide, up to 10um at the septa, which are stirrup like shapes with a yellow tinge in KOH. Last two pictures are of what I thought might be the crystals on the capillinium mentioned in literature, but certainly not 'encrusted' as some descriptions say.

Assume from last fall, 6 of them on a ridge where the older stable dune meets a small wet area, mixture of rush/sedge/marram grass, sandy soil. 20-30mm tall, cap 7-10mm wide, stipe 2mm wide, opening 1mm wide, raised up 0.5mm. Warted spores, 4.1 x 4.7um. Spore mass salmon in colour. Capillinium 3.52-7.65 um wide, up to 10um at the septa, which are stirrup like shapes with a yellow tinge in KOH. Last two pictures are of what I thought might be the crystals on the capillinium mentioned in literature, but certainly not 'encrusted' as some descriptions say.

growing on very rotten wood of American Beech (Fagus grandifolia).

Completely stumped with this one, not even sure in which class of Ascomycetes this belong (Lecanoromycetes? Dothideomycetes? Eurotiomycetes? Leotiomycetes?)

ascomata isolated, maroon, to almost black numerous on substrate, waxy, rather though, about 0.2 - 0.4mm in diameter. Asci contain 16(?) spores, altough sometime the spore appear to be somewhat attached together. Asci thick walled. Spore aseptate, hyaline, probably smooth, subglobose or somewhat ellipsoidal measuring 4.5 - 6.5 µm X (3.5)4 - 5(5.5) µm. (Avg 5.3 x 4.5 µm). Thin hyaline paraphyse-like structure present, but hard to visualize. fruit-body appear covered in dark orange poorly defined incrustation.

First P. arenulina found this year, several patches on the west side of South Rustico dunes. Due to Fiona damage these are growing in very shallow sand, only an inch or so above cobble, so the stipe was not buried as much as normal.

So tiny, very fresh, thought they might be something else, but the amyloid spores and fuzzy foot, point to Xeromphalina. Growing on old stump, likely hemlock, along a small stream. Largest cap was 8mm wide. Generally we consider X. campanella our species, but genetic work done in NFL and Quebec have all specimens sampled as X. enigmatica. It is probable that this is X. engimatica, can only tell via DNA sequence unfortunately.